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AQUA Formula XHD
Optologic R2R DAC.
Conversion: Pure R2R ladder with FPGA without digital filtering
Interface: AQlink PRO (I2S) for jitter-free connection
Isolation: Galvanic isolation between FPGA and R2R branches
Power supply: Separate transformers for analog and digital
Outputs: Transformer balanced
USB: Isolated hybrid decoding (XMOS+FPGA), compatible without drivers
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AQUA Formula XHD. The Optologic R2R Conversion System
R2R Technology: The Resistor Ladder
Aqua believes the most musical circuit for digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion is the "resistor ladder" design. While much of the market has shifted to sigma-delta converters, which are predominantly digital and cost-effective due to silicon chip integration, a high-quality resistor ladder DAC uses discrete, high-precision components with at least two resistor banks—one for each stereo channel.
Optologic: Proprietary D/A Conversion
The Formula DAC is Aqua's first to incorporate the Optologic system, a proprietary D/A conversion technology. The signals for the resistor ladders are generated by a unique digital circuit implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
The Formula uses a sign-magnitude converter structure, requiring four 24-bit resistor banks, each made of ultra-precision discrete resistors. To ensure separation between the digital section and sensitive analog circuits, galvanic and magnetic isolations are implemented between the FPGA and the converter's four branches. This eliminates ground plane noise, ensuring a clean environment and perfect symmetry between the converter’s out-of-phase halves. The result is superior tonal contrast and natural sound.
Native 1x Sampling Frequency DAC
Like other Aqua models, the Formula is a DAC without a digital filter. Aqua prioritizes authentic and emotional reproduction, achieving a natural and realistic sound over purely instrument-based performance metrics.
Modular Design
Modularity is a cornerstone of Aqua’s philosophy. Their equipment is built to last, with the ability to upgrade as technology evolves. The Formula comprises independent circuits mounted on easily replaceable PCBs. For example, the converter’s four resistor banks are individual modules connected independently.
State-of-the-Art Digital and Analog Electronics
The Formula DAC avoids digital filters and external compensation, with a focus on optimizing every subcircuit:
- Independent analog and digital power supplies using components like discrete BJTs, MOSFETs, J-FETs, and ultrafast diodes.
- Passives chosen for their sonic quality and durability, including tantalum capacitors, solid polymer OS-CON, and double-metalized MKP.
- Direct signal path free of capacitors.
The output stages—both single-ended and balanced—employ transformers and discrete components with metal film resistors, ensuring ultra-low RF noise.
An advanced ARM microcontroller handles the user interface, IR remote control, and RS232 communication port.
xHD Upgrade
The xHD upgrade enhances the main FPGA code, improving sound quality and expanding system capabilities:
- New hybrid USB XMOS xCore 200 (dual-core) circuit integrated with FPGA.
- High-resolution file playback up to 768 kHz PCM and native DSD512.
- Full USB isolation with FPGA-based clock generation.
xHD Key Features
- XMOS xCore XE216 two-stage hybrid with FPGA.
- Bit-perfect sample rate support up to 768 kHz PCM and DSD512.
- Compatibility with the latest XMOS X Core drivers for Windows 7 and 10.
- Native support for macOS and Linux in "Bit Perfect" mode.
- Modular design and high-quality parts ensure durability and superior acoustic performance.
Technical Specifications
Optologic D/A Conversion System
- Pure R2R resistor ladder without a digital filter, implemented using FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays).
- Galvanic and magnetic isolation between FPGA and the R2R ladder converter’s four branches.
Digital Interface and Jitter Elimination
- Jitter-free AQlink PRO (I2S protocol) for direct connection to La Diva CD transport.
- R2R DAC with discrete, low-noise precision resistors.
- PLL-based S/PDIF jitter elimination technology.
Power Supply and Signal Processing
- High-performance AQ discrete regulators with MOSFET, J-FET, and BJT components for analog and digital power supplies.
- Two low-noise C-Core transformers, one for analog and one for digital sections.
Modular Construction
- Platform of swappable and upgradable circuit boards.
- Balanced audio output stage based on transformers.
High-Speed Hybrid USB
- Two-stage system with XMOS xCore XE216 + FPGA.
- Fully isolated USB decoding and FPGA-based clock generation.
Firmware and USB Drivers
- Native asynchronous USB support for Apple macOS and Linux OS without additional drivers.
Additional Features
- Digital phase selector accessible from the front panel.
- Premium components for sound quality:
- Tantalum capacitors, solid polymer OS-CON, double-metalized MJP.
- Ultra-precision low-noise metal film resistors.
- Double-metalized pulse film capacitors.
- Ultrafast diodes and halogen-free cables.
- Resonance-free aluminum chassis with Nextel coating.
- Optional RC5 IR remote control.
- Designed and handcrafted in Italy.
AQUA Formula XHD combines groundbreaking technology, meticulous design, and modularity to deliver an unparalleled listening experience, catering to audiophiles who demand uncompromising sound fidelity.
9010000002
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